In 2020, the total global planting area of apple was 4.622 million ha, with total production output of 86.443 million tonnes, distributed in almost 100 countries on six continents ( FAO and WFP, 2021). The overall aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of genetic variation and molecular breeding of important fruit quality traits in apple.Īpple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) shows strong ecological adaptability and is widely cultivated around the world. In addition, we discuss the mapping of quantitative trait loci, screening of molecular markers, and mining of major genes associated with fruit quality traits. This review focuses on summarizing recent genetic studies on apple fruit quality traits, including appearance, flavor, nutritional, ripening, and storage qualities. With continuing augmentation in the apple genomic resources available, in recent years important progress has been achieved in research on the genetic variation of fruit quality traits. However, the high level of heterozygosity and large genome of apple, in combination with its perennial life history and long juvenile phase, complicate investigation of the genetic basis of fruit quality traits. Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) shows strong ecological adaptability and is widely cultivated, and is among the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. During the long-term evolution of fruit trees, gene recombination and natural mutation have resulted in a high degree of heterozygosity. Identifying the genetic variation characteristics of phenotypic traits is important for fruit tree breeding. 5State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.4State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.3Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.2Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai’an, China.1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.Wenjun Liu 1,2†, Zijing Chen 1,2†, Shenghui Jiang 3, Yicheng Wang 4, Hongcheng Fang 5, Zongying Zhang 1,2, Xuesen Chen 1,2* and Nan Wang 1,2*
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